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Levitated optomechanics can make a nanoparticle float in space. A finely focused laser beam forms an “optical tweezer” and creates a tiny, isolated laboratory for the study of delicate quantum states. Courtesy of J. Adam Fenster and Prof. A. N. Vamivakas/University of Rochester.

1.    A particle containing an impurity which acts as a spin sensitive to magnetic fields or as an excess charge sensitive to electric fields;

2.    A particle moving like a pendulum in three dimensions;

3.    A particle larger than the wavelength of light entrapping it.

By exploring the interactions between light and tiny particles within the nano-realm, researchers hope to define a way to achieve more precise data capture within a cheaper, lighter sensor design. Sensing technology at the submicroscopic scale promises finer measurements of the physical properties that describe the world, such as electric and magnetic fields, temperature, force, velocity, acceleration and gravitation.

According to Bhattacharya, quantum sensors could someday detect gravitational waves, find dark matter and perfect quantum computing.